Ingredients & Formulation
The research behind fullerene. Three scientifically grounded effects.
Takeshi Matsushita
May 2024
We chose fullerene not because it seemed promising. Because there is data.
The cosmetics industry is full of unsubstantiated claims. I dislike that. So I will write about what fullerene actually does and how, based on published research.
1. Antioxidant action — 100 to 250x the power of Vitamin C
Fullerene (C60) neutralizes free radicals (reactive oxygen species) at 100 to 250 times the potency of Vitamin C. That lipid-soluble C60 eliminates superoxide and DPPH radicals at the cellular level has been confirmed in multiple papers (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2010).
Vitamin C is an excellent antioxidant, but one molecule eliminates one ROS molecule, then it is consumed. Fullerene continues eliminating for over 20 hours. That sustained action is the decisive difference.
2. Anti-wrinkle effect — statistically significant improvement in 8-week clinical trial
In a clinical trial of 23 Japanese women, 8 weeks of use of squalane-dissolved fullerene produced statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction in wrinkle depth and area. Increases in skin moisture and improvement in skin texture roughness were also confirmed simultaneously (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2009).
Data means the effect is reproducible. We choose ingredients that can be spoken about in numbers, not feelings.
3. Anti-inflammatory effect — reduction of inflammatory markers
Inflammation activates enzymes that break down collagen. Fullerene suppresses neutrophil inflammatory response and lowers inflammatory markers (CRP). Water-soluble fullerene (hyaluronic acid encapsulated type) has also been confirmed effective as adjunctive treatment for dermatitis (Pharmaceutics, 2021).
Why concentration matters
Fullerene has concentration dependence. Higher concentration means higher effect. That is why we have pursued 10% — the world's highest concentration — from the founding. This is fundamentally different from products that include 0.01% just to list the ingredient on the label.
Ingredients that can compete on data, at concentrations that can compete on data. That is the standard of our formulation.
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