Ingredients & Formulation

Oxidation is the origin of aging. Why I formulated fullerene at 10%.

Takeshi Matsushita

January 2024

Where does aging begin?

There is one answer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS).

ROS causes the skin to rust

UV exposure increases ROS inside the skin. So does stress. So does poor sleep.

This ROS damages skin cells. Causes inflammation. Activates the enzymes that break down collagen. As collagen decreases, firmness is lost, and wrinkles form.

This is the cascade of aging. The origin is ROS.

Why fullerene

Fullerene's antioxidant capacity is reported at 172x that of Vitamin C. And Vitamin C is disposable — it eliminates one ROS molecule and its role is done.

Fullerene continues eliminating ROS for over 20 hours. This is the overwhelmingly different point.

Why 10%

Most fullerene products on the market are below 0.1%. They include it just to list it on the label.

I was committed to 10%. Fullerene does not dissolve in water. Stabilizing it at high concentration is technically difficult. The cost is high. Even so, I chose 10% because I judged that anything less was insufficient.

Doing the difficult thing is done because it is necessary. If I were choosing the easy path, I would not be running this brand.